By Dorian Cartwright | TrustRobotics™ A humanoid robot enters an office, opens a drawer, retrieves a document, and delivers it to someone waiting outside. Its movements are controlled. It avoids collisions. Nothing is damaged, and nobody is injured. But was it authorized to enter the office? Was the person entitled to receive the document? Was the robot acting within its assigned role? A robot can perform a physically safe action that it should never have performed. Trusted a

By Dorian Cartwright | TrustRobotics™ Mistrust accompanied the word “robot” from its beginning. In Karel Čapek’s 1920 play R.U.R.—Rossum’s Universal Robots, humans manufacture artificial workers to serve them. The robots eventually revolt and nearly extinguish humanity. The story invites a question that remains relevant: what justified humanity’s confidence that its creations would remain under its control? Background on R.U.R. AI building AI: the modern warning More than a c

By Dorian Cartwright | TrustRobotics™ TrustRobotics has published a new white paper for the TrustBoundary Physical AI Safety Standard (TB-PAS 1.0), a working framework for governing the critical boundary between AI-generated intent and physical actuation. As humanoid robots and other Physical AI systems move from controlled laboratories into factories, hospitals, warehouses, homes, schools, transportation systems, and public spaces, safety can no longer be treated only as a

By Dorian Cartwright | TrustRobotics™ Tech hyperscalers and robotics OEMs are spending billions to scale the generative “brains” of the next generation of autonomous hardware. Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are allowing humanoids and mobile agents to fluidly navigate unstructured human environments. But as advanced robotics move out of laboratory cages and onto trade show floors, corporate event spaces, and municipal sidewalks, the industry faces an invisible brick wall:

By Dorian Cartwright | TrustRobotics™ For decades, robotics safety has focused on machines: emergency stops, speed limits, force thresholds, protective separation, and functional safety. The age of Humanoid & Physical AI introduces a new question: When should an AI-generated action be permitted to move the physical world? TB-PAS 1.0 proposes that every AI-generated physical action pass through a mandatory TrustBoundary before reaching a robot's actuators. The core principle i